Treatment of Mental Disorders Exposed in The Yellow...

â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is the story of a woman descending into psychosis in a creepy tale which depicts the harm of an old therapy called â€Å"rest cure.† This therapy was used to treat women who had â€Å"slight hysterical tendencies† and depression, and basically it consisted of the inhibition of the mental processes. The label â€Å"slight hysterical tendency† indicates that it is not seen as a very important issue, and it is taken rather lightly. It is also ironic because her illness is obviously not â€Å"slight† by any means, especially towards the end when the images painted of her are reminiscent of a psychotic, maniacal person, while she aggressively tears off wallpaper and confuses the real world with her alternative world she has†¦show more content†¦For example, she claims that the â€Å"yellow smell† that the narrator speaks of is actually the smell of urine and diapers (1635). The problem with this is that by the time the narrator is smelling this yellow smell, she has already become quite consumed with psychosis. She is already irrational, especially since she considered burning the house to get rid of the smell. â€Å"Round and round and round - round and round and round - it makes me dizzy!† (Gilman 470) are her thoughts about a mark along the wall. A common description of insanity is the repetition of actions while irrationally expecting different results. The narrator’s endless tracing of the mark is reminiscent of this description. Clearly, Showalter could not have any idea what the yellow smell was because the narrator is vastly unreliable. For all Showalter knows, the yellow smell could be lemons, but most likely it is just a hallucination because the narrator is insane. Showalter also implies that the rental house is actually an old private mental hospital (1633), which has no grounds since there is far more information supporting the fact that it is merely a rental ho use, just as the narrator says. Even if barred windows are used in asylums, they are also common features in old houses, especially if children had lived there. Beds and other furniture are often nailed down in rental houses or hotelsShow MoreRelatedYellow Wallpaper Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesThe Yellow Wallpaper† Charlotte Perkins Gilman (Full name Charlotte Anna Perkins Stetson Gilman) American short story writer, essayist, novelist, and autobiographer. The following entry presents criticism of Gilman s short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† (1892). The short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† by nineteenth-century feminist Charlotte Perkins Gilman, was first published in 1892 in New England Magazine. Gilman s story, based upon her own experience with a â€Å"rest cure† for mental illness, wasRead MoreInterpretations of Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper1460 Words   |  6 PagesInterpretations of Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is an example of how stories and the symbolism to which they are related can influence the perspective of its readers and alternate their point of view. In the â€Å"Yellow Wall-Paper†, the unknown narrator gets so influenced by her surroundings that she starts showing signs of mental disorder, creating through many years several controversies on trying to find the real causes of her deceaseRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper By Charlotte Perkins Gilman1312 Words   |  6 Pageswritten to convey a specific meaning, or to bring light to certain issues in real life. The short story titled â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was written in 1892 about a woman named Jane who is diagnosed with depression and given a treatment named the â€Å"rest cure.† Charlotte Perkins Gilman created this story based on her experiences with the â€Å"rest cure† and sent it to the cre ator of the treatment, S. Weir Mitchell, for criticism (Gilman 419). When read, this short story is usually seen through a feminist criticalRead MoreEffects of Isolation in the Yellow Wallpaper1245 Words   |  5 Pagesof Isolation Through out the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and the film, â€Å"Santa Sangre,† the main characters finds themselves led into a state of insanity. In the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† the narrator explains that she is suffering from post partum depression, leaving her husband to treat her with rest cure or bed rest. During this time, she is placed in a solitary room with walls covered in yellow wallpaper. Similarly, through out â€Å"Santa Sangre,† PhoenixRead Morethe yellow wallpaper disscuss mental illness2208 Words   |  9 PagesDISSCUSS THE WAY IN WHICH GILMAN WRITES ABOUT MENTAL ILLNESS Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper, relays to the reader something more than a simple story of a woman at the mercy of the limited medical knowledge in the late 1800 s. Gilman creates a character that expresses real emotions and a psyche that can be examined in the context of modern understanding. The Yellow Wallpaper, written in first person and first published in 1892 in the January edition of the New England MagazineRead MoreCharlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper1861 Words   |  8 Pages Mental illness is a pressing condition that requires a doctor’s acceptance and understanding to be treated. One must respect the disorder and be aware of its side effects and characteristics in order to comprehend what is happening to the affected individual. In today’s society, most people are accepting of people’s handicaps and take into consideration their limits, but in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, people were unaccepting of impairments and were quick to misjudge individuals leading

Human Resource Management Work Team Effectiveness

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Management For Work Team Effectiveness. Answer: Introduction ABC is an Australia-based retail chain that has for long been one of the largest in the country. The company was founded in 1988 and since then, has grown to become one of the leaders in the industry. The company has more than 4000 up and running retail stores in Australia and has an employee base of more than 100,000. In such a case, it is a brand that also has a good repute in this sector. The company aims at providing the customers with the best quality products and for this, has also developed a line of products that are exclusive to only their stores. This factor has also proved to act as a competitive advantage for the company as they have succeeded in providing a high-quality line of products to the customers which have resulted in their customer loyalty. The market presence of the company has been formidable because of these exact factors of the company Present Challenge for the Company Although the company has had a successful run ever since its inception, the company has currently been facing major problems. The company has been struggling to maintain its place in the market. The main reason for this is the inability of the company to keep up with the growing levels of competition in the market. When the company started, it was able to keep ahead of its competition. There were many factors at work that maintained the competitive advantage of the company. However, the company recently seems to have lost its advantage. The Australian market at present is littered with a vast number of retail service providers and as such, there is a tough competition among all the brands to outdo each other (Tracy, 2014). ABC followed a strategy of competitive pricing in order to gain an advantage over the other brands. However, the policy of slashing off their profit rates made it even more difficult for the company to maintain the financial standards that they were used to. The co mpany thus had to work on a tight budget. In addition to that, the company has also been facing a high rate of employee turnover. The employee turnover has been the result of many factors (Alcover, Gil, PeiroÃÅ' , 2005). The company attempted to retain its skilled workforce by offering them better salaries. However, it was found that higher salaries were not the reason behind the loss of workforce. The employees have been leaving ABC because of the lack of a positive culture, high team morale and visionary leadership which they find in other organizations. Also, the employees have cited the work culture in the organization as one of the reasons for leaving their jobs at the company (Weston, 1975). The efficient employee base was one of the reasons behind the success of the firm initially. However, the same department has taken a hit recently. The employees who have left the company said that the teams now fight and blame each other. Also, they have said that the groups in the c ompany do not possess a decent leadership and as such the direction of the company is extremely unclear. Recommendations for the Company in the Current Situation First and foremost, the issue that immediately needs to be addressed is the formation of a team that has a direction as to the functioning of the company. First of all, we need to identify what are the characteristics that help in the development of an effective team. The company at present, must not only apply the methods of forming an efficient team, it should also focus on creating a team that is better than its competitors. The company has been lagging behind in terms of the competition that it has with the other brands (Raatma, 2003). In such a case, the company needs to form a superior team if it even needs to get on par with its competitors. In doing so, we must, first of all, identify the building blocks of an efficient team. First of all, an efficient team has a clear set of goals. The clear set of goals means that the team knows what it aims to achieve (Sadler, 2003). Only with a valid aim can the team march ahead in its function. Every member of the team needs to know abou t the goal that they are supposed to achieve. Only then can they work together to attain the goal. In order to attain the goal, every team member needs to have a clear idea of their roles within the organization. Only through an idea of their roles can they decide what to do in order to maintain the balance in the team (Grint, 2005). The team members also need to be aware of each others roles in the organization. Only then can the coordination within the team be maintained. In order to understand each others roles and importance in the team, there needs to be an effective communication within the team itself (Yoder-Wise Kowalski, 2010). Now, once the members know their roles and place in the organization, there needs to be an efficient leadership of the team. An efficient leader is one who knows the exact method to work in order to attain the organizational goals and also knows the strengths and weaknesses of each member of the team. In such a manner, the leader knows how to lead h is team in order to attain the said goals (Kerin, 2006). Other than these, the mutual trust, cooperation among the team members, openness, and individual development are the factors that drive the development of an organization. An example of efficient teamwork can be seen in the McDonalds food chain where every employee knows his or her place in the entire system and the managers perform various functions in order to maintain a motivation within the workforce. First of all, the process of overhauling the teams in ABC can be attained by setting the organizational goals. At present, the company has taken a hit so badly that it just possesses short-term goals in matters of survival in the market. However, the company must decide on its long-term goals if it needs to bring its workforce under control. Due to the short time goals, the company has kept on changing its modes of operations and as such, the teams within the organization have also lost the direction regarding which methods to employ and which direction to follow (Kotler, 2000). Also, speaking of teams, the teams need to be rearranged on the basis of the skills of the employees. The classification of teams is present but it is obvious that the individuals are not satisfied with their jobs. The dissatisfaction is the exact reason why they have been leaving the company to join other companies. In such a case, the employees need to be assessed by a comprehensive program that is aimed at identifying their strengths and weaknesses. The program must take into account the various abilities that are required by the employees and rate them on a scale that would evaluate the skills in that particular line of work. After that, the employees can be arranged by putting the employees in teams which perform the function that they are most suited to. Once the teams have been formed, there should be managers for each department who know the working of the system (Osborne, 2008). The managers need to be well aware of the work procedure and also well aware of what the goals of the company are. The short term goals are important but it is also necessary to have long-term goals and visions of the company. Only in the presence of long-term goals can the short-term goals be created which are again a part of the long-term goals. The goal needs to be one in which the company aims at being a major player in the retail chain industry. The company should also focus on the delivery of high -quality products and services to its customers. Only in the presence of such a long-term goal, can the company set a short term goal which includes getting back its place in the competition. Now, once the goals have been set, the work should begin in a way which enforces a disciplined work culture. The employees are given their desired positions in the team and as such, they do not have much to complain about. The work culture should now be one where everyone is responsible for their own actions (Perkins, 2004). Since the groups have been divided and under strong leaderships, there is a much lower chance of interference from the external factors which would provide for a higher efficiency of the workforce. The workforce motivation was also one of the factors that were lacking in the company. The workforce motivation is likely to be brought back as the employees are now assigned their desired positions and the company has clear goals. The employees would now work toward attaining a goal that is visible and practical. Management of the Marketing Team Marketing is one of the most important departments for any company. In a company like ABC, one of the most important factors is the ability of the company to promote itself. The promotion is what attracts the customers to the brand. The promotions work as a catalyst for the brand value of the company and what the company works towards providing to the customers (Sandhusen, 2000). In such a case, the marketing team of the company should be one that has the ability to be creative in all aspects. The marketing team also needs to be able to assess the market trends and customer preferences of any given period. The marketing strategies could thus be formed that promotes the aspects of the company that is in accordance with the market trend at the time. The effective promotion lies in the exploitation of the various opportunities that are available in the market (Giuliani Kurson, 2002). The promotion opens up new pathways for the company which would help the company get back in the compet itive sphere. The first thing that is taken into consideration while forming a marketing team is the composition of the team. The team should be made up of members who have a creative outlook. Designing the various advertisements and promotional acts are a matter of creativity and as such, the team members must be full of ideas. The team members should also have a very efficient of the market trends and customer preferences. Only when the members have an idea of those factors can they work towards the formation of the strategy that would be in accordance with these trends (Armstrong Kotler, 2000). At present, the team is at a forming stage as the members are new employees. Although it would have been better if there were employees who had been working for a long time, it should be understood that the company has lost a substantial amount of the employee base and as such, must resort to new employees and they should be selected on the basis of these factors. The management and the t eam members share a good amount of interaction and this has provided a right direction for the company (Grewal Levy, 2010). It is due to the personal interaction between the employees and the managers that the employees have a clear sense of the goals and direction of the company. This has also worked in the favor of creating a workforce motivation within the organization. the workforce motivation has been facilitated as the employees know that their work is being monitored and their role is crucial to the company. The team members know that their opinions are taken into account and given importance during the formation of any strategy. The goal at present is to make the companys presence felt in every place (Bedford, Brumpton, Bedford, Bedford, Bedford, 2007). The marketing strategy cannot be one that uses intensive advertising as slashing off the profits has caused a considerable strain on financial resources for the company. In such a case, the company must at present on the ev ents that have a considerable presence among the common people. The major events, for example, a football match is supposed to draw a considerable amount of crowd and as such, associating with such an event would provide the company with some amount of visibility. Since the new team is at a nascent stage, the team has not yet been able to fulfill the goal. However, the idea is a feasible one as the company has limited resource and can consider investing a large amount in a crowd puller rather than small packages where it would not be useful at all (Salas, Goodwin, Burke, 2009). The goal of making a market presence can be measured through measuring the effect of presence in the online platform. An online platform is a place where the company maintains a presence and as such, the response of people to the company on the social media and social networks can be a measure of how successful the marketing campaign been. The goal can be classified as one of the SMART goals as the goal does fulfill those criteria. The goal is specific as the company has a fixed measure of how much market place to acquire in order to be on par with the competitors (Dennis, 2006). The goal is measurable as the growth or decrease in the response can be measured via the reaction to the company on the online platforms. The manager performs an important function of clarifying the goals with the staff. The manager performs interactions with the employees on an individual level in order to track the development of the project. In such a case, the manager should also display a high level of responsibility and himself be a person who has a sound knowledge of the system. Not possessing these qualities would lead to the development of a procedure that would not yield worthwhile results. It is only when the manager demonstrates these qualities that a viable structure is formed and the employees are encouraged to work in a manner that would benefit the organization and the employees as well. Stakeholder Current communication strategies Plan to improve Team Members The team members are given a clear idea of the organizational goals. The communication is carried out via interactions with the team members. While the interactions help in a better understanding of the company goals, the employees need to be motivated in a better manner In order to improve in this department, there needs to a greater level of employee motivation. Conveying the brand value of the company would help the employees understand the fact that they are working for a reputed company and as a result, would be motivated to give better outputs. The investors The investors are one of the prime stakeholders who are involved in the communications during the marketing process. The communication with the investors is done whenever the marketing campaign takes place. The investors are thus given a clear idea of what the team is aiming to achieve for the company. While this process is important, there needs to be more individual interactions. The investors need to be interacted with in the marketing process. Investors are one of the stakeholders who are directly linked with the companys well-being. As such, there needs to be openness of communication with them. The consumers Marketing is directly aimed at consumers as it is the mode of communicating with them. However, there needs to be minor improvements The current strategy of communication with the consumers is one where the company creates advertisements. However, the company must at present set up online platforms where the consumers can directly relate their problems to the company. Resolution of the Problems The company has been facing major problems in the competitive market and as such, must fight its way out of the mess. The problems have been with the companys workforce which was once the cause for the companys reason for growth. However, the same workforce has been showing problems. The workforce has been displaying many problems including problems in attitude. The problems that arise in this department are the workforce turnover which has again been because of the lack of team management. At present, the problems can be resolved via an effective team management. The teams need to be formed of efficient individuals. The teams should then be given a fixed direction regarding the goals and objectives of the company. Only in such a case can the teams work towards the development of the team goals. The employees also need to be motivated by a team spirit that would foster a better communication. Finally, the teams need to be led by efficient leaders who have considerable knowledge of th e processes and work as a role model to the employees. References Alcover, C., Gil, F., PeiroÃÅ' , J. (2005).Work team effectiveness in organizational contexts. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub. Armstrong, G. Kotler, P. (2000).Marketing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Bedford, D., Brumpton, K., Bedford, D., Bedford, D., Bedford, D. (2007).The team. Surry Hills, N.S.W.: Little Hare. Dennis, M. (2006).The team. London: Corgi. Giuliani, R. Kurson, K. (2002).Leadership. New York: Hyperion. Grewal, D. Levy, M. (2010).Marketing. Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Grint, K. (2005).Leadership. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Kanaga, K. Browning, H. (2003).Maintaining team performance. Greensboro, N.C.: Center for Creative Leadership. Kerin, R. (2006).Marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Kotler, P. (2000).Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Osborne, C. (2008).Leadership. London: DK Pub. Perkins, D. (2004).The team. Chicago: Agate. Raatma, L. (2003).Leadership. Mankato, Minn.: Bridgestone Books. Sadler, P. (2003).Leadership. London: Kogan Page Ltd. Salas, E., Goodwin, G., Burke, C. (2009).Team effectiveness in complex organizations. New York: Routledge. Sandhusen, R. (2000).Marketing. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron's. Tracy, B. (2014).Leadership. New York: American Management Association. Weston, R. (1975).A team approach to marketing planning. New York: AMACOM. Yoder-Wise, P. Kowalski, K. (2010).Leadership. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders.

The Concept of Justice in Platos Republic free essay sample

An analysis of the concept of justice as seen in this work. Socrates conception of justice as presented in this work is examined. The definition is then compared to a modern, democratic understanding of justice. A discussion of justice in terms of the individual versus the society as a whole is presented. `In Part Five of Platos Republic, entitled Justice in State and Individual the philosopher Socrates states that I believe justice is the requirement we laid down at the beginning as of universal application when we founded our state, or else some particular form of it. This statement is likely to set the modern reader up for a certain false assumption about the fundamental political structure of Platos Republic. Because of the phrase that `justice for all` is the cornerstone of American notions of democratic governance, it is tempting to ascribe similar notions to Socrates, a man presumed to be one of the founders of liberal thought, as the philosopher was a citizen of ancient, democratic Athens. We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Justice in Platos Republic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (204)`

Converting Ounces to Grams

Converting Ounces to Grams This worked example problem demonstrates how to convert ounces to grams. This is a common type of mass unit conversion problem. One of the most common practical reasons to know how to do this conversion is for recipes, so lets start with a food example: Ounces To Grams Problem A chocolate bar weighs 12 ounces. What is its weight in grams? Solution One of the easiest ways to solve this problem is to use the pound to kilogram conversion. If you like in a country where both units are used, this is a useful conversion to know. Start by converting ounces into pounds. Then convert the pounds into kilograms. All that remains is to move the decimal point three places to the right to convert kilograms into grams. Here are the conversions you need to know:16 oz 1 lb1 kg 2.2 lbs1000 g 1 kgYou are solving for x numbers of grams. First, convert ounces into pounds. The next part of the solution converts pounds to kilograms, while the final section converts kilograms to grams. Note how units cancel each other out, so all you are left with is grams. x g 12 ozx g 12 oz x (1 lb/16 oz) x (1 kg/2.2 lb) x (1000 g/1 kg)x g 340.1 g Answer The 12 oz chocolate bar weighs 340.1 g.

The Long Telegram of George Kennan

The Long Telegram of George Kennan The Long Telegram was sent by George Kennan from the United States Embassy in Moscow to Washington, where it was received on February 22nd, 1946. The telegram was prompted by US inquiries about Soviet behavior, especially with regards to their refusal to join the newly created World Bank and International Monetary Fund. In his text, Kennan outlined Soviet belief and practice and proposed the policy of containment, making the telegram a key document in the history of the Cold War. The name long derives from the telegrams 8000-word length. US and Soviet Division The US and USSR had recently fought as allies, across Europe in the battle to defeat Nazi Germany, and in Asia to defeat Japan. US supplies, including trucks, had helped the Soviets weather the storm of Nazi attacks and then push them right back to Berlin. But this was a marriage from purely one situation, and when the war was over, the two new superpowers regarded each other warily. The US was a democratic nation helping put Western Europe back into economic shape. The USSR was a murderous dictatorship under Stalin, and they occupied a swathe of Eastern Europe and wished to turn it into a series of buffer, vassal states. The US and the USSR seemed very much opposed. The US thus wanted to know what Stalin and his regime were doing, which was why they asked Kennan what he knew. The USSR would join the UN, and would make cynical overtures about joining NATO, but as the Iron Curtain fell on Eastern Europe, the US realized they now shared the world with a huge, powerful and anti-democratic rival. Containment Kennans Long Telegram didnt just reply with insight into the Soviets. It coined the theory of containment, a way of dealing with the Soviets. For Kennan, if one nation became communist, it would apply pressure on its neighbors and they too might become communist. Hadnt Russia now spread to the east of Europe? Werent communists working in China? Werent France and Italy still raw after their wartime experiences and looking towards communism? It was feared that, if Soviet expansionism was left unchecked, it would spread over great areas of the globe. The answer was containment. The US should move to help countries at risk from communism by propping them up with the economic, political, military, and cultural aid they needed to stay out of the Soviet sphere. After the telegram was shared around government, Kennan made it public. President Truman adopted the containment policy in his Truman Doctrine and sent the US to counter Soviet actions. In 1947, the CIA spent considerable sums of money to ensure the Christian Democrats defeated the Communist Party in elections, and, therefore, kept the country away from the Soviets.​ Of course, containment was soon twisted. In order to keep nations away from the communist bloc, the US supported some terrible governments, and engineered the fall of democratically elected socialist ones. Containment remained US policy throughout the Cold War, ending in 1991, but discussed as something to be reborn when it came to US rivals ever since.

How should the USA deal with China should they contain or not contain Research Paper

How should the USA deal with China should they contain or not contain China - Research Paper Example This year featured spats between China versus Philippines; China versus Vietnam; and China versus Japan. The disagreements are loudly triggering diplomatic tensions as Chinese government send forth their marine vessels in shores that are within the territorial jurisdictions of other Southeast Asian countries. The situation alarmed the international community, especially United States of America, because this Chinese territorial aggression also strategically affects its geographic control in the Pacific regions and with allied countries. This brought us the core issue, must US contain China or not? What is Containment? Before variegated positions are explicated, let us define first what containment all about is. Containment is a foreign policy strategy of the United States at the height of cold war which was prominently used by George F. Kennan in 1947 against communist nation to isolate and marginalize it to lessen it influence or remove its political clout from allied countries.1 Ex perts posit, by experience, that the containment theory of US resulted to the intervention of United States in Vietnam, Central America and in Grenada.2 This was also adopted by US President Truman as part of the Truman doctrine and is also widely discussed in US and Iraq conflict.3 Containment is historically started in a long telegraph sent by George Kennan from Moscow to Washington in 1946 about the Soviet’s refusal to join the International Monetary Bank and World Bank which detailed the practices of the country and anent recommendation to use the policy of containment—which ultimately led to that historic Cold War.4 From a psychological vantage, containment is a control theory aiming at establishing internal and external factors to develop a law-abiding behaviour which could be considered as a defence or a protective insulation against potential conflict or delinquency.5 Shouldn’t Contain Some political analysts argued that US shouldn’t contain China albeit the reactions of other countries who presumed that US intervention will help balance the power amid incessant aggression of Chinese soldiers to Hanoi, Philippines and Japan. Chinese however demanded from US, which was sought for intervention by aggrieved parties to refrain from getting involved asserting that the conflicting parties can resolve maritime and territorial disputes through bilateral consultations.6 This call generated political mass actions by peoples who rallied in the streets and in Chinese embassies or even conducted live-fire drills (e.g. Vietnam) to demonstrate their disagreement with China’s two-face diplomatic strategy in relating with them: offering a hand for bilateral consultations but at the same time, aggressively sending marine soldiers within sovereign states’ shores to claim ownership or prior rights thereof.7 Affected countries wanted to internationalize the issue while Chinese opposed this effort to bring the international communit y to multilateral discourse on this problem arguing

The role of multi-channel retailing in Singapore service retail Essay

The role of multi-channel retailing in Singapore service retail industry - Essay Example Thus with the development of internet communication the consumers can now easily make purchases through the web sphere and also through their personal gadgets like Personal Digital Assistants having internet connectivity. Moreover the customers can also make relevant purchases based on catalogues or visiting kiosks of the retail stores. These services largely enabled by multi-channel retailing systems have helped in transforming the pattern of services generated in the retail sphere. Furthermore the retail firms based on multi-channel systems are also helping the consumers to avail a large number of options where the consumer can locate products in one outlet and purchase such from another belonging to the same company. Again multi-channel retailing system has also helped the consumers to gain the advantage of returning commodities in one retail outlet which was purchased from another outlet of the same company. (Berman, Retail Management, A Strategic Approach, 10E (India: Pearson Ed ucation India, 2007), 183.; Willard N. Ander and Neil Z. Stern, Winning at retail: developing a sustained model for retail success (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2004; Lena Fitzen, Multi Channel Retailing in the Automotive Industry: Determinants of Consumer Retail Choice (Germany: GRIN Verlag, 2009), 16.) Different retail companies pertaining to categories like apparel and other consumer durables make expanded use of multi-channel retail systems to reach wide number of consumers thereby focusing on market expansion and augmentation of revenues. Big retail firms through the opening up of different retail formats and through increased web presence can fulfill the business objectives of market expansion in both new and existing territories. (Joachim Zentes, Dirk Moschett and Hanna Schramm-Klein, Strategic Retail Management: Text and International Cases (Germany: Gabler Verlag, 2007), 55; Diamond, Fashion Retailing: A Multi-Channel Approach (India: Pearson Education India, 2007), 374). Multi-Channel Retailing-Advantages and Challenges The growth of multi-channel retail systems around the world led to the increase of large number of advantages and disadvantages related to it. Firstly the retail companies tending to use the multi-channel retail systems need to strategize their retail offerings and services in a homogeneous manner so that it can well percolate along the several marketing mixes. Retailers through the use of multi-channel retail concept tend to draw consumer attention to specially designed products which are not easily displayed in retail counters. These retail companies through the use of the online sphere tend to create a huge display of different types of products thus enhancing the width of the product assortments. Moreover retail companies can also cause consumer hype by creating displays of new product and service launches in their websites. Again the retailers can make use of multi-channel retailing concept to create a mass promotion of the pro ducts and services. The retailers can make use of utilities like kiosks and catalogues to help in generating large number of information to the consumes pertaining to the availability of store outlets, product and servi